12/7/2023 0 Comments Pinta syphilis![]() Gummas in long bones cause a deep, boring pain that is worse at night.Gummas typically occur on the skin or bone but can be found anywhere: The untreated infection can lead to endarteritis, and complications include gumma, cardiovascular, and neurological disease.A gumma is a solitary granulomatous lesion with central necrosis.Late signs and symptoms can develop 20–40 years after initial infection in up to one-third of untreated cases.Tertiary syphilis develops decades after the initial infection. Syphilis infection can still pass from a pregnant woman to her fetus.The patient is non-infectious to sexual partners.Transmission of syphilis occurs only specific circumstances. Syphilis infection can pass from a pregnant woman to her fetus.Syphilis infection can pass to sexual partners.Therefore, continued syphilis infection will only be found by positive treponemal antibody tests. During latency, the patient is asymptomatic with no signs on clinical examination. The latent years are subdivided into early and late. Latent syphilisīetween the secondary and tertiary clinical stages of syphilis, many years of latency ensue. Rash of secondary syphilis on trunk and limbs Greyish-white, moist plaques called condyloma lata occur in the groin, inner thighs, armpits, umbilicus, or under the breasts.Mucosal surfaces - such as inside the mouth, throat, genital area, vagina, and anus - can become raw and red ( mucous patches).Rarely, the rash presents as a cluster of erythematous papules around a central scaly plaque, resembling a flower this floral morphology is described as ‘corymbose’ syphilis.The rash occurs typically on the trunk and frequently affects palms and soles.The rash might be subtle or might appear as rough, red or reddish-brown papules or plaques.A non-itchy rash is present in 90% of patients with secondary syphilis.Other affected organs can include liver, kidneys, central nervous system (cranial nerve palsies, meningitis), joints, and eyes (resulting in visual impairment).Systemic symptoms may include fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy.Syphilis is a multisystem infection and the patient is very infectious during this stage.Untreated, 25% of patients develop secondary syphilis within three months (average six weeks) after the initial chancre.If the patient is untreated, these symptoms will eventually resolve over a number of weeks, but they can recur. Secondary syphilis is characterised by rash and systemic symptoms, during which the patient is very infectious. Secondary syphilis is a generalised infection. The ulcer usually heals without treatment within a few weeks.Non-tender lymphadenopathy might occur in the region of ulceration (eg, inguinal lymphadenopathy in ulcers on the genitals and cervical lymphadenopathy with an oral ulcer.The initial ulcerated chancre may go unnoticed, particularly if hidden inside the vagina, cervix, mouth, or on the anal region.Multiple chancres occur in 30% of cases.Typically, a solitary, small firm red painless papule on the genital area quickly becomes a painless ulcer with a well-defined margin and an indurated base.pallidum uses its spiral shape to twist into the skin. Primary syphilis is characterised by chancre(s) at the point of entry of the T. During the clinical stages, signs and symptoms of syphilis differ according to the stage - primary, secondary, or tertiary - as described below. During latency, diagnosis can only be made by serology. Untreated syphilis passes through distinct clinical (symptomatic) stages as well as latent (asymptomatic) stages. Once infected with syphilis, an incubation period of 10–90 days (average 21 days) ensues before signs become apparent. What are the clinical features of syphilis? This is a particular concern as untreated syphilis in pregnancy can have serious health implications for the mother, the pregnancy, and the unborn child. Most recently, a resurgence is being seen in the heterosexual population. Reported cases of syphilis increased in New Zealand and worldwide over the last decade, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). Another potential route of transmission is needle sharing (eg, intravenous drug use). ![]() Syphilis also transmits vertically (infected mother to fetus) during pregnancy. Hence, sex in any form - vaginal, anal, or oral - is the main way of passing syphilis from one individual to another. ![]() Syphilis ulcers occur most commonly on the genitals and on the anal area, but can also occur on the lips or mouth. Syphilis is transmitted sexually from person to person, either by direct contact with syphilitic ulcers or by infected blood through microtrauma during sexual intercourse.
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